This type of cancer is diagnosed by the patient on self examination. Usually it is a young man who reports feeling a painless, hard lump in the testicle. A scrotal ultrasound is usually demonstrating a hypoechoic mass in the testis. Blood tests are performed that are called tumor markers. A CT scan is performed to assess the retroperitoneal lymph nodes for enlargement and the patient undergoes surgery consisting of removing the testis through an incision in the groin. For very early stages of cancer the treatment ends there, for cancer that spread to lymph nodes there is radiation or chemotherapy depending from the type of cancer.
Testicular cancer has the highest cure rate from all the cancers.